I, Guerilla

I am now a guerrilla chieftain. A number of guerrillas have been attached to the I&R Platoon and are under our control. They help us spot the Japs who put on native clothes and attempt to infiltrate through our lines. They also pick up Filipino 5th columnists who have aided the enemy. Some of them are o.k., but others are opportunists who hang around with us in order to get food and clothing. We are gradually weeding them out.

I have spoken to a number of guerillas, questioning them about their social institutions. Before the war they had a very democratic government apparently.

Each village elected a mayor, vice mayor, treasurer, clerk and a council of 8: The mayor served for a 3 year term. Then there was the National government under President [Manuel] Quezon. Since he died, Osmena is now President and these guerrillas seem to think very highly of him. He is a mestizo, (mixed blood) part Chinese and part Filipino. The Filipinos consider him more liberal that Quezon and more concerned with the problems of the poor people and a kind of local edition of F.D.R. They are all intensely interested in independence but want the protection and guidance of the U.S.

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We welcome MacArthur’s tardy return

I have seen some of the more recent issues of Time describing the Philippine invasion. We learned many things about the fight that we had not known previously. They were probably written by some correspondent from the comfort and safety of a battleship. It was very interesting to know that [General] MacArthur had gone ashore in a pair of freshly pressed trousers and that he had surveyed the situation while smoking on his corn cob pipe. Some of the correspondents, like Howard Handleman are O.K. They really get up pretty close to to the front lines and see some of the things that are happening.

One of our guerilla friends went to town to visit some of his friends and promised to bring back some tuba, which is an intoxicating beverage made out of coconut sprouts. We were really anticipating a celebration, until they returned with the sad news that none was available. Oh, well; some time I’m hoping to be able to spend a few days with the guerillas at their mountain retreat. Some of the boys have been there and enjoyed some delicious caribao steak, roast pig, gaby (a root tasting like potato), camotes (like sweet potatoes) appetizingly served on fresh green banana leaves. Incidentally, you might try a large banana leaf as a raincoat. It’s a trick I have observed the Filipinos use and is quite effective…

Well, it’s time for chow. Ah, that delicious canned corn beef hash.

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Invasion of Kwajalein Atoll

On 31 January 1944 the Division landed on islands in the Kwajalein Atoll in conjunction with the 4th Marine Division, and in a week of heavy fighting, wrested them from the Japanese. Elements took part in the capture of Engebi in the Eniwetok Atoll, 18 February 1944. The Division then moved to Oahu, T. H., remaining there until mid-September when it sailed to join the assault on the Philippines.

Admiral Nimitz congradulates members of the 17th Infantry for capturing Kwajalein Atoll. Sgt. Gorenfeld stands on the far right of photograph.

Have you ever considered the vastness of the Pacific Ocean? Hawaii is about 2100 from S.F. From Hawaii to Kwajalein is another 2000 miles, and we are still 2600 miles from Japan proper. These great distances are one of the principal reasons why the war with Japan is so difficult. After sailing for several days — seeing nothing but water, one begins to realize how the men with Columbus must have felt on their great adventure. We keep as busy as possible — playing chess, reading, dishwashing — but still the time passes with monotonous slowness. It looks like the whole world is nothing but ocean. We lean over the rail, studying the water. Sometimes there are white caps or giant swells — the water rising and falling like the bosom of an agitated woman. At other times, the water is still — with glassy smoothness. The ocean appears as one big stained plate-glass window — of ink-blue color. Suddenly the stillness is broken by a flying fish which leaps through the air — pink and silver scales flashing in the bright sunlight. It moves for 20, 30, 40 yards — barely touching the surface of the water — and for a brief second there is a trail, like that made by a bird hopping along a dusty road. There may be one fish — or a whole school— leap-frogging along beside the ship.

At night, the inky blackness of the water is broken only by the white flash of the wave made by the ship as it plows along. The water shines with phosphorescent brightness.

Finally, you arrive at the rendezvous area. You know that tomorrow the attack will be launched. It is impossible to sleep. Everyone is busy making preparations. You lie down on your bunk, but there is no rest. Every noise registers. Funny, how you didn’t seem to notice them before — the beat of the engines, doors banging, the water fountain — loud, nervous talking.

Midnight, now. Only three hours before breakfast. Maybe it will be your last breakfast. The next day is full of uncertainty — unknown dangers. You turn over on your back and stare at the bunk above. Is my rifle clean? Did I load those magazines properly? Better check it. Out of bed, now. Everything o.k. Hot down here. Think I’ll get some fresh air.

Up on deck — a bright moon outlines the ghostly position of transports. It’s bright enough to read a newspaper.
I pull out my pictures of you and Willy. Really unnecessary. Every detail is already clearly fixed in my mind. I see you all the time. I’ve just got to get back. Too many things left undone at home.

One o’clock. The booms have been raised — silhouetted by the moon — like giant arms ready to catapult men and machines against the enemy.

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His Brother Harry’s Evacuation from Guadacanal

Dear Harry,

I was greatly surprised to learn that you had been evacuated to Letterman. I thought you were still in New Zealand or Australia. What d’ya think of Munda? If you received any of my previous letters you already know that I emerged without a scratch and without any medals, but there will be plenty of opportunities for medals before this is over.

We are taking things easy now. It’s like living in garrison–minus a few comforts and conviences. The chow is very good–there are frequent shows–we hear short wave adio broadcasts–hot showers once in a while. If the mail service was better we could be quite happy here.

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Regimental Associate Editor

Believe it or not–I am back in th editorial business again as associate editor of the regimental newspaper. The Colonel was dissatisfied with the paper because it lacked life and humor so a reorganization of the staff took place and I was drafted as an associate editor. Right now the big dispute is whether the men are sufficiently interested in world news or whether the new paper should give more space to personals, jokes, humor, etc.

Incidentally, we have a new Colonel. On the second day of fighting [May 12th] Colonel Earle was killed. I have already written you that all enemy resistance has ceased with the complete defeat of the Japs. All your old friends are well–even Jack Carroll who has recovered from a bullet in the rumble-seat for which he received the Purple Heart.

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So this is war

In 1942, the 17th Infantry was trained in the Mojave Desert at Twenty-Nine Palms, California, to fight Rommel in North Africa.

Desert Warfare Training 1942

The Japanese invasion of the Aleutian Islands in June of 1942 charged the mission of the regiment. The dusty regiment went to Camp San Luis Obispo for training in amphibious landing  and in early 1943 found its way aboard ships sailing through the inland passage bound for the frozen north.

I hope that by now you have received some letters from me more recent than the one of April 29. Starting with this letter I am going to start numbering each one, so that you can know whether all of them are reaching you. I have written quite a few in the last 3 weeks.

Censorship regulations having been relaxed to a certain extent I can now tell you that I have been in combat against the Japs and have seen plenty of action. I may later be able to locate the guy who took a picture of a gang of us after 3 weeks without shaving, washing, brushing teeth or combing hair. If you see the picture you probably won’t be able to recognize me. That Cyrano de Bergerac nose may give you a clue, however, in spite of the thick layer of mud with which it is camouflaged.

I shall never forget the day we first contacted the enemy. Many times at camp I have heard shells going over head, but that certainly does little to prepare one for the time when a determined enemy is directing shells at you —as fast as he can —with deadly intent to kill. I had only half-finished digging my fox-hole when an explosion was heard about 500 yards to the right of us.

Our own artillery had been firing all morning and when I heard the explosion I assumed it was caused by the firing of one of our guns. I continued digging. A few seconds later another explosion was heard. This one was much louder and much closer. Someone yelled, “They’re going the wrong way!” (Meaning that it was an enemy shell and not our own.) Everyone hit the ground. I crawled into my very inadequate fox-hole and hugged the ground, in spite of the 4 inches of water in which I was lying. Not too soon either. A third shell landed and a cruel, razor-edged piece of shrapnel came bouncing over the ground, landing about 5 yeards from the fox-hole next to me. I thought to myself — “So this is it, this is war.” At the same time I cursed the ancestors who were responsible for the long nose which made it difficult to get closer to the ground. It seemed to make such a difference at the time. My heart was pounding violently — threatening to tear itself loose it seemed. Although my face was flushed and hot, I was shivering — whether from the cold or from fear I cannot say. It was probably fear, because the intense cold was completely forgotten.

The candle-light grows dim and flickering. The sputtering wick is about to expire — and so must this letter. I will continue the story in my next letter which I will write tomorrow.

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Johnnie’s Last Mail Call

Yes I’m still in a very happy mood after receiving all of those letters from you. But mail call has its sad interludes. Some names are called, and there is no answer. There never will be an answer. Always there is a moment of silence — a brief memorial — before the mail call resumes. There are packages, too, in such bad condition after the long search for the owner, that it is impossible to return them to the sender. One of these packages was turned over to me to be distributed to the men. It was full of all kinds of good things, put there by loving hands — with loving thoughts. A little note was wrapped around one of the candy bars.

I carried it up the hill to where we live. The men were gathered there—playing cards, reading, talking and joking. The soft light was gradually dimming in the cold, grey sky.

“This belongs to Johnnie,” I started to say. There was a complete silence. All activity ceased. The men appeared as statues of grey marble — faces expressionless. Then a single thought seemed to run through all. One of them picked up a shovel, and we went outside.

Carefully, I lowered the package into the earth and waited until it had been covered. We returned to our shelter. Activity had resumed, but mens’ minds were on the other things. I know mine was.

Memorial Days will be celebrated in the future. The stadiums will be crowded, flags will fly, and bands will play. There will be eloquent speeches and impressive ceremonies, but my mind will go back to this single little incident and others like it. It will always mean more to those who were there than all the formal ceremonies of the future.

Some day I think I shall write a story of the Good Earth. Unlike Pearl Buck’s story, it will tell of soldiers and the foxholes which protect them from the bullets and cruel, jagged pieces of shrapnel that seek to maim, kill and destroy them.

The first thing a good soldier does is to dig a foxhole. No matter how tired or weary he may be, he knows he must dig. It may mean the difference between life and death. Many times I have been so tired that I could easily have fallen asleep in the snow or rain, but in the end I always found the hidden reserve of energy needed to dig, and the deeper the better.

Never have I known such fatigue as comes after hours and hours of ceaseless march over mountain peaks so steep and treacherous that a single false move meant disaster. But there was always the time and energy needed to dig a foxhole. I remember one occasion very distinctly. It was very late —about one o’clock in the morning. I was so tired that I felt I could not move even if the whole Jap army had attacked. Yet a few moments later I was at work digging. At the head of my foxhole was a huge rock. I had chosen the place because the rock afforded such good protection. The job was done, and I sank into the hole—completely exhausted.

The next morning, I was awakened by the terrible scream of Jap artillery. It had started about a half an hour earlier and already there were a few casualties around me. I happened to notice the rock more closely. It was shaped like a tombstone. I felt like I was in a grave, but in this case it had been a guarantee of life.

HEY! Snap out of it! Don’t be depressed. I thought you might be interested in some of the depressing realities of war, but just as real are the beautiful things to be seen here. Not the least is the country itself. It is terrible, awe-inspiring almost, and yet most beautiful. Rather than run into trouble with the censor, I won’t go into detail, but must tell you about the little waterfalls. High up in the snow-covered peaks, the tops of which disappear into the fog and mist, like the mountains of Shangri-La, the processes of life are taking place. There are born the streams and waterfalls that delight the eye of any nature-lover. Many times I have been high enough to locate tremendous snow masses which give them birth. Emerging from the mother snow, they cascade and tumble over a never-ending terrace of grey-green granite and volcanic rock. Here and there in their dizzy descent to the valleys, little pools are trapped, full of icy, crystal-clear water. I have never passed such places without stopping to drink, even when I was not thirsty.

Then there are the birds— delightful little creatures. Whistling and singing and totally unconcerned with the destruction over which they fly with effortless grace. There is one in particular that has always warmed my heart. It is one of the tiniest, completely snow-white except for its black wingtips. Often during lulls in the battle, they would come flying over, whistling their cheerful tunes. I would close my eyes and imagine that I was in a park. Not for long, however, for the demands of war are stern and unrelaxing. What a strange and powerful contrast.

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Censored

After having written long letters answering the mail received June 22, I learned that some of the matter which I wrote might conflict with the censorship regulations. You may or may not receive those letters. Now I have to start all over again. I’m sure you won’t mind the duplication, however.

Anyhow I can tell you about my bath. I used to feel sorry for Wilyum because he had such a small both-tub. Now, however, I would gladly trade him and pay 50 pesos besides. How about it Wilym? My tub consists of one G.I. helmet. Not having a wash-cloth I used my old underware. This has the advantage of washing the underware clean, even if the bath itself is unsuccessful.

Nevertheless, it was quite refreshing. The best part of it was the Sierra Pine soap. (Remember Yosemite?) I look clean, anyhow, and smell so pretty that I’ll bet you wouldn’t mind kissing me.

While on the subject of baths, how about sending me some wash cloths. Puerhaps P-X will probably have some in stock by the time yours arrive, but send them anyhow.

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Regimental Library

I finally discovered a library here and although the selection is poor there are 2 or 3 books that will occupy my attention for a while. Most of the books are a “Gift from the people of the United States to the Armed Forces”–as the little note reads. They were secured through the Victory Book Campaign. The poeple must not consider the soldiers very intelligent, or else they merely cleared their closets and attics of all the old trash they didn’t want. I picked up one book entitled–”Things Japanese” It looked very intriguing until I noticed the date–1890.

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Hand Laundry on Attu

Yesterday I turned out my first washing and I had so much fun that I thought I would tell you about it. I realize that everything I say will be used against me, in view of the fact that Wilyum is still in the diaper stage (Insidententally, how long does that period last?) However, I feel safe enough up here, so I am going to confess that in one easy lesson I have become an expert Chinese hand laundry.

First I made inquiry of all those who had attempted a similar feat and made note of their experiences.   Then,  having decided on my own method of attack I proceeded to secure a pail (like Willyum’s diaper pail) full of water from a nearby stream.  This I placed on the stove to heat and into it carefully shaved, with a bayonet, one half bar of good old PG soap.  Next, add the dirty clothes (and there were plenty of them) and worked them ingloriously up and down until a rich, foamy lather develops.  Then wait patiently and eat a bag of peanuts until the water begins to boil.  Stir well with the handle of a shovel until you get a thick, grey scum at the top, with the texture of a good rich split pea soup.  The clothes are now done.  (They are at least sterilized.)  Take them out, wring dry, and rinse in cold water, wring again and hang on the line to dry.  The wind will blow them all away,  so you can then go to the supply sargeant, report your shortages and get new clothes.  This is the best laundry system yet devised.

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